• random.seed(): Sets the seed for Python’s built-in random module, ensuring reproducible random numbers.
• numpy.seed(): Sets the seed for NumPy’s random number generator. Note that numpy.seed() is deprecated; use numpy.random.default_rng() for better control.

Example:

import random
import numpy as np

# Set seed for random
random.seed(42)

# Set seed for NumPy
np.random.seed(42)