• Shallow copy: Creates a new object and inserts references to the original object’s elements.
• Deep copy: Creates a new object and recursively copies all elements to new objects.

Example:

import copy

original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

# Shallow copy
shallow = copy.copy(original)
shallow[0][0] = 5
print(original)  # Output: [[5, 2], [3, 4]]

# Deep copy
deep = copy.deepcopy(original)
deep[0][0] = 10
print(original)  # Output: [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

Explanation:

• Changes to nested lists in a shallow copy affect the original list.
• Changes to nested lists in a deep copy do not affect the original list.